The "Main Street Recovery Program"

Some thoughts on the "Main Street Recovery Program"

By Alan L. Maki - Dec 11th, 2008

This "Main Street Recovery Program" initiated by the Campaign for America's Future lacks many specifics and intentionally omits support for H.R. 676 and socialized health care; with the biggest drawback being that no resources have been made available by these organizations aimed at empowering working people in their communities and where they work... but, the general thrust here is something we all need to support and get behind.

Also lacking is any clear program relating to legislation for a real living minimum wage which is the real, fundamental and basic way to redistribute wealth in this country in order to solve the problems of working class poverty as we seek a more just socialist alternative to capitalism.

In fact, the capitalist system which is now obviously on the skids to oblivion is not even challenged in this statement.

It is not that I disregard the fundamental weaknesses in this statement as I endorse the "Main Street Recovery Program," but, rather, on the basis of its many strengths in bringing forward a new direction for our country.

It would be naive to assume that even such a modest liberal program as that being floated here will take shape under the Obama Administration unless all those who supported, and than voted for Obama, along with the millions of liberals and progressives who supported other candidates or did not vote at all are brought into the decision-making process to correct the glaring weaknesses relating to specific solutions to specific problems with the full and complete empowerment of the people forcing action out from the government through mass pressure tactics as employed during the depression years under the leadership of the left--- most notably the Communist Party, left in general and the emerging network of trade union activists.

The Campaign for America's Future who put this together is known for its outstanding statements which remain on paper to only be filed away without any action.

We can change this through education, organization, unity and action... learning from the struggles of the Thirties and the present struggles like those heroic workers in Chicago at Republic Windows and Doors who have demonstrated the importance of working people taking bold, militant action in defense of their own livelihoods and for the rights of all working people.

In fact, we are facing are living in a depression growing worse by the day; not in a recession. Over a year ago the recession was well underway and in this time has come a full-blown depression from which "economic recovery" is not possible--- not for the working class. We are now well into a severe capitalist crisis caused by "over production" in a world where people are starving and require the basics of life which they are presently being deprived of here in the United States and across the globe.

It will be interesting to see just how much the Campaign for America's Future and the endorsers of this program are willing to bend to the real needs of the working class for real solutions to their problems; and, then, how much Obama will listen.

There is far too much emphasis here on middle class and middle income when the primary emphasis should be on creating a society with living wages and incomes for the entire working class.

There is something very wrong with a distinguished group of middle class intellectuals not taking to task the need to eliminate poverty in this country... the wealthiest country in the world.

We need to keep in mind as we live in the midst of this economic depression that wealth may be disappearing from sight and from our view, but this wealth exists all the same as it is only in the process of changing hands as the wealthiest come to control and dominate even more. This is very important for us to remember because it is this wealth that we need to be concerned about; along with the ownership and control of the mines, mills and factories where this wealth has been created.

The time has come to bring the failing auto, steel and power generating industries as well as banking under public ownership through nationalization so wealth becomes the property of society rather than of the few... another problem the "Main Street Recovery Program" fails to address... common sense dictates that tax-payers should own what the finance through bailouts... including owning and controlling the wealth created.

There is a fear here in this statement of touching the "sacred cow" of private ownership of the means of production.

Also overlooked in importance is the question of peace and the need to end these dirty imperialist wars for oil and regional domination so we can transfer funds from war-making which subsidizes the profits of a thoroughly rotten and corrupt military-financial-industrial complex to financing human needs--- from health care to education and a massive jobs program... we simply can't tolerate plunging our Nation into debt even further than it already is to finance an even modest program as suggested below.

But, when all is said and done, the "Main Street Recovery Program" is an excellent new beginning towards a real new New Deal... with some tweaking here and there we should be able to turn it into something a real new People's Front can mobilize support for built on the foundation left to us by the old Left which served the working class so well.

Perhaps the single most important omission in the "Main Street Recovery Program" is a real sense of urgency which is so typical of this liberal intellectual community.

Understandably, people losing their jobs, homes and having their utilities turned off in the middle of the winter have a greater sense of urgency and a greater desire to see problems resolved than middle class intellectuals... this sense of urgency is what adds the kind of militancy to struggles built around these kinds of ideas which brings such ideas to reality in the form of, not only government policy, but in pushing the government to establish programs... and this, after all, is the kind of change we all seek.

This is why it is so important that people be empowered at the grassroots and rank and file level... the only sure way we will win the real change we are seeking as the Wall Street crowd, which at this point has the primary influence over Obama and is prepared to fight tooth and nail to defend their profit system.

It would have brought credibility and strength to the "Main Street Recovery Program" to have had the endorsements of the Republic Door and Window workers who seized control of the plant in Chicago in defense of their rights as endorsers of this progressive agenda with their action being cited as one of the ways to force government to act.

In fact, these middle class intellectuals should have had the common sense to insist on obtaining initial endorsements from grassroots community activists and rank and file working class activists.

Overall, the initiative taken by the Campaign for America's Future in bringing forward the "Main Street Recovery Program" is to be lauded and supported.

Of course we need to be sure that any and all programs don't become just another profit orgy for Wall Street coupon clippers and the banks. The programs should all be publicly funded and administered.

In the past some of the endorsers of the "Main Street Recovery Program," like Carl Pope and Leo Gerard have abandoned people in the midst of struggles... others like John Sweeney have been all talk and no action; never allocating the kind of resources required to bring a progressive agenda to reality--- while still others from among the endorsers have fought attempts by the left and progressive forces to merge issues of peace with social and economic justice. Still others cling to a faith that capitalism can be turned into a "kinder, gentler" form of some kind of "people's capitalism," and still others are laboring under the illusion that some tinkering here and regulation there will resolve the present economic mess. Others like Robert Borosage who colluded with the Democrats to derail the peace movement are working in the same way to try to derail the grassroots and rank and file movements developing around single-payer universal health care as embodied in House Resolution 676.

Alan L. Maki

Director of Organizing,

Midwest Casino Workers Organizing Council



A MAIN STREET RECOVERY PROGRAM from the Campaign for America's Future; provided here for your consideration and for further dialogue, discussion and debate.


Executive Summary


Our economy now faces the most serious crisis since the Great Depression. The financial crisis that was triggered by the bursting of the housing bubble has now spread to the real economy, and we face a sharp downturn that is spreading across the globe. A serious recession now seems unavoidable in the United States, as well as Europe and Japan. The developing world is already struggling with financial turmoil and economic decline. For the first time since the 1930s, we face a real risk of deep worldwide economic contraction.


Restoring economic growth will require a bold, multifaceted plan. This must begin with a recovery program for Main Street – substantial fiscal expansion to revive the real economy.

With a deep and long global downturn now likely, any plan for reviving the economy
should be substantial, strategic, and sustained. It should also be coordinated with
simultaneous efforts across the world.


Reviving our nearly $15 trillion economy will require substantial fiscal expansion. With interest rates already low, monetary policy can provide little help. The decline in consumption brought by the collapse of housing and stock prices has already been dramatic.

Now states and localities must cut spending or raise taxes to balance budgets. Exports are declining as the world economy slows.


Three percent of GDP – about $450 billion each year for two years, a total of $900 billion – should define the floor, not the ceiling, of what needs to be done.


The plan must be strategic, focused on public investment in areas vital to strengthening America’s long-term competitiveness. Public investments are far more efficient at stimulating the economy than tax cuts for individuals or businesses. The money allocated will be spent and will produce jobs here. And public investment provides a long-term return in the higher productivity of transport on modern roads and rail, the higher productivity of better-trained workers, and the new technologies spawned from higher research and development funds.


Central to the plan should be investment in green technology, reducing our dependence on foreign oil, and addressing the rising threat of global warming. It must also target the states, funding vital health care and public programs so the recession is not worsened by local budget-cutting. This will also help to maintain the income of the people most likely to spend in the economy.


Finally, the recovery plan must be sustained. Two years of deficit-funded stimulus should help the economy recover. But it will take many years of fiscal expansion to move us from an economy driven by booms and busts of asset bubbles to one of sustained and balanced growth.


□ □ □


A MAIN STREET RECOVERY PROGRAM


We now face the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. The collapse
of the housing bubble, followed by a credit freeze and stock market collapse, has erased over $10 trillion in paper value in the U.S. alone. The debacle in housing exposed, in the words of Noriel Roubini, a subprime global financial system that was recklessly overleveraged, laden with exotic securities of unknown value, and now facing staggering losses. Massive, and at times desperate, efforts by central banks across the world have served only to stave off collapse.


This financial contagion has now infected the real economy. A serious recession
now seems unavoidable in the United States as well as in Europe and Japan. And the
developing world, which we were told was “de-coupled” from the U.S. and Europe, is
facing enormous strains of its own. For the first time since the 1930s, we face a real risk of worldwide deflation and substantial economic contraction.


Restoring economic growth will require a strong and multifaceted plan. Reviving
the financial system itself will require far more than the hastily assembled and badly designed $700 billion bailout passed in September. We must

(1) remedy the costly defects in the current plans;

(2) put in place a systematic program of real mortgage relief
for homeowners, and

(3) enact comprehensive reform of financial markets.


It is not possible, however, to simply clean up this mess and return to business as
usual. Stabilizing the housing and financial markets and staving off a deep downturn
must be part of a broader, systemic effort to address the roots of this crisis.


For too long, our economy has been based on consumption sustained through
asset bubbles and easy credit, with the vast majority of new wealth accumulated only
by those at the very top. We must chart a strategy to move towards sustainable, longterm growth, with blessings that are widely shared. This will require increased
government investment in public education, in research and development of new
technology, and in the modern infrastructure that is vital to building a competitive
economy. It must also include raising the minimum wage and reviving the right of
employees to organize and bargain collectively, so that workers may once again capture a fair share of the productivity and wealth they help generate.


The new strategy must include access to comprehensive and affordable health
care for all Americans. It must include a system of taxation that produces the revenue necessary for supporting a vital public sector in a fairer and more progressive manner.

We will also need a new global initiative to reform currency and financial regulations, to place the financial system in its proper role as servant to the real economy. And this strategy must be accompanied by a global trade regime that reduces unsustainable trade imbalances and ensures that trade benefits workers in all participating countries.


In the coming weeks, we will address each of these issues. We begin below with
an analysis of the steps needed to counter the deepening recession and get the real
economy going again.


The Immediate Need: Reviving Main Street


The need for substantial fiscal expansion to revive the real economy is clear and
present, as a long and deep downturn now seems inescapable. The economy has been
losing private-sector jobs for 12 months. Unemployment is already at a five-year high
and continues to rise, and many employees are working fewer hours than they wish,
facing pay and benefit cuts, or dropping out of the workforce in discouragement.

After taking into consideration workers who take part-time jobs out of necessity and those who are otherwise marginally attached to the labor force, the effective unemployment rate at the end of November was an extraordinary 12.5 percent.


Consumers are cutting back, as their confidence has been shaken by staggering
losses in housing and stock-market values. Manufacturing has been relentlessly
shedding jobs over the last seven years and is now in a near-free fall. Construction has been decimated by the bursting of the housing bubble and the freezing of credit. Retail stores are girding for a grim holiday season. Exports, which had risen with the falling dollar, will now be slowed by the global economic downturn. States and localities that had increased public employment over the past year now face declining revenues and rising deficits which will force layoffs and cutbacks in needed services. Our economy is in trouble and needs action now.


While more monetary loosening is likely, its effects will be limited, as interest
rates are already at low levels. A major fiscal stimulus is essential. Though the $700 billion Wall Street bailout may have been necessary, it was not stimulative. In the end, banks will only lend at needed levels when there is a growing economy in which to lend. And while budget deficits have already risen, they pose no immediate danger as the global crisis has witnessed a flight of investment back to the dollar, allowing for relatively low-cost financing.


With a deep and long global downturn now likely, any plan for reviving the
economy should be substantial, strategic and sustained. It is also imperative that it be coordinated with similar efforts across the world. The U.S. cannot be expected to lift the global economy alone.


Reviving our nearly $15 trillion economy will require substantial fiscal
expansion. The consumption effects of the collapse of housing and stock prices have
already been dramatic, as reflected in the bottoming of consumer confidence. When
gross domestic product growth fell to negative levels at the end of 2000 and America
was hit by the shock of 9-11, the U.S. general government budget (federal, state and
local combined) went from reporting a surplus of approximately 1.3 percent of GDP to
running a deficit of about 4.9 percent GDP by the end of 2004 – the equivalent of over $900 billion in fiscal stimulus. Even that stimulus – which was bolstered by extremely low interest rates, a thriving financial system, a housing asset bubble, and a growing global economy – produced only a slow recovery and stagnant incomes. Today’s crisis is worse, and fiscal expansion must do much more of the heavy lifting. Although not directly comparable, China recently announced a stimulus plan focused entirely on the internal investment of 7 percent of their GDP each year for two years.


Three percent of GDP -- about $450 billion each year for two years, for a total
of $900 billion -- should define the floor, not the ceiling, of what needs to be done. The plan for reviving the economy must be strategic, focused on public
investment in areas vital to strengthening America’s long-term competitiveness, not
simply on giving consumers or businesses a temporary boost through tax rebates. As
we detail below, central elements of the plan should include investment in green
technology, reducing our dependence on foreign oil, and addressing the rising threat of global warming. We should also move to repair and modernize our intellectual and
physical infrastructure and to provide temporary financial assistance to workers most
in need. This approach will generate jobs immediately and contribute to greater
productivity and international competitiveness.


Public investments are far more efficient at stimulating the economy than tax
cuts for either individuals or businesses are. First, all investment spending will in fact be spent, whereas data suggests that only 20 percent of the recent tax rebates went into consumption; the remainder was saved or used to reduce consumer debt.


Second, more of the jobs generated through public investment will be created
here. In contrast, a good portion of the tax rebates were spent on goods manufactured
abroad, creating jobs in China and elsewhere. Infrastructure funding targets
construction workers, who have been hit hardest by the housing market’s collapse.
Infrastructure projects are tangible and visible, helping to generate needed confidence in recovery. Economic models, such as the one used by Mark Zandi of Moody’s Economy.com, show that in the first year, stimulus investments in the form of
infrastructure spending, aid to state governments, and extended unemployment
benefits or food stamps generate more GDP growth per dollar than do tax cuts or
rebates.

1 And public investment is just that: an investment. Money spent earns a return in
the form of higher productivity from workers who take advantage of broader and
cleaner transportation choices and faster broadband connections, and from students
whose ability to learn is improved by modernized schools or attendance at otherwise
unaffordable colleges.


Critics argue that public investment takes too long to begin, claiming that
recessions end before infrastructure money has been spent. This argument has little
relevance now, as we face a recession that is likely to be deep and long if we do not
provide a sustained response. Moreover, in recent recessions, labor markets recovered
far more slowly than other elements of the economy. In the recession of 2001, for
example, it took more than two years for employment rates to bottom out and four
years before they rose above pre-recession levels. In addition, there is a significant backlog of infrastructure projects that are ready to go and lack only the resources to move forward. Governor John Corzine of New Jersey testified that his state alone has $1.5 billion of projects ready to start in 90 days. A survey by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials found over 3,000 projects totaling $17.9 billion that are ready to launch within 90 days of receiving funding. A compilation by the Economic Policy Institute found $20 billion worth of school projects that are ready to begin.


Any recovery plan must also be sustained. Ending the recession, however difficult, is
not sufficient. It will take many years of fiscal expansion through public investment to move us from an economy driven by the booms and busts of asset bubbles to one driven by sustained and balanced growth. During the initial two-year period of
increased deficit spending, we should be formulating a multiyear plan to change our
economic priorities. After the first two years, this program should be permanent,
productive and paid for. Long-term investments in public education and training, in
health care, in modernizing our infrastructure, in urban reconstruction, and in research and development should be sustained not by deficit spending but by changes in how we use our resources.


Returning to a more progressive tax code – by closing corporate loopholes such as the
egregious carried-interest tax break and by collecting the $300 billion a year that the IRS is owed but does not collect – could easily raise over $600 billion a year.


Core Elements of the Recovery Plan


At $450 billion a year for two years, a recovery plan should focus on the
following core elements:


Green Investment.

A first priority should be a green investment agenda designed to reduce our dependence on foreign oil and address the rising threat of global warming.
Green Recovery, a report by Robert Pollin of the University of Massachusetts’ Political Economy Research Institute, and the Center for American Progress, documents
opportunities for creating two million green jobs over two years by investing nearly
$100 billion in six green infrastructure areas: retrofitting buildings to improve energy efficiency, expanding mass transit and freight rail networks, constructing “smart” electric-grid systems, increasing capacity for generating power from wind and solar energy, and developing carbon capture technologies and next-generation biofuels.

2 This amount should be considered a minimum and could be expanded if appropriate plans can be rapidly developed. We designate $50 billion of this package for investment in green projects that will generate jobs and growth in the near term.

3 Infrastructure Modernization and Repair. A second priority is major investment in state of-the-art national infrastructure, including everything from roads and bridges to schools, airports, and sewers. These investments generate jobs while providing the foundation for greater productivity for our factories and offices, better health for all citizens and a better education for our children.


In an America that is literally falling apart, the need for this investment is
apparent. According to the American Society of Civil Engineers, over two-thirds of
America’s roads are in poor or mediocre condition, resulting in billions wasted on
automobile repairs and traffic delays.

4 More than one in four bridges are rated structurally deficient or obsolete and half of waterway locks are functionally obsolete.

5 The Department of Education found that 43 percent of schools are in a state of disrepair so severe that it “interferes with the delivery of instruction.”

6 The American Society of Civil Engineers estimates that getting the nation’s infrastructure in good working condition would require $1.6 trillion spent over five years, or more than $300 billion per year.

7 The Economic Policy Institute has compiled a range of infrastructure projects –
including building high-quality drinking water and wastewater systems, and
modernizing and repairing schools and roads – that total about $40 billion and are
“ready to go.” There is an estimated $32 billion backlog of repairs and rebuilding
needed to bring public housing into good condition. A $75 billion investment program
in the first year could easily be expanded to $150 billion, still less than the amount deemed justifiable by the Congressional Budget Office in the second.

8 Aid to States. The economic downturn has left state and municipal finances in dire
straits. Tax revenues are plummeting as demand for services is rising. The Center for
Budget and Policy Priorities reports that at least 41 states face shortfalls in their budgets this year or will face shortfalls next year. Twenty-nine states closed shortfalls totaling $48 billion in their fiscal year 2009 operating budgets largely by drawing on “rainy day funds.” In fiscal year 2010, CBPP estimates that a total deficit of $100 billion will have impact on virtually every state. In previous recessions, the financial pressures on states continued building at least two years after the onset of the recession.

9 In past recessions, states have responded to budget gaps by reducing children’s
health care services, cutting spending on child care and education, restricting Medicaid eligibility, cutting back or deferring construction projects, increasing taxes and publicuniversity tuition, and by slashing aid to localities, a move which often results in layoffs of police officers and firefighters. All of these actions add to the severity of the downturn, bringing lay offs of even more workers and further burdens to citizens.


We suggest spending $50 billion on state aid in the first year and increasing
spending to $75 billion in the second. The most effective measures would split funds
between flexible block grants for general revenue sharing (in order to prevent cuts in funding for education and other vital state programs), and a temporary increase in
federal matching funds for Medicaid (in order to address the increase in demand for
Medicaid and avoid cuts in health care that would lead to a sharp rise in the number of uninsured).


As the Zandi modeling shows, aid to states has a relatively high stimulus impact
per dollar spent, since the money is put to use immediately, and forestalls cutbacks and
tax increases that would reinforce the downturn.

10 The Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured also studied the role Medicaid plays in state and local economies and found that Medicaid spending generates economic activity, including jobs, income and state tax revenues, while reductions in state and federal Medicaid will lead to
declines in economic activity at the state level.

11 Investment in Public Education. Across the country, states are limiting or cutting back
aid to universities. America’s great public universities, which allowed millions to join
the middle class, no longer get most of their funding from state appropriations. This has
led to sharp increases in the costs borne by students and their families. Federal aid
programs have not kept up with these rising costs.


In 1979, the highest level of Pell Grants, which provide aid to the students most
in need, covered up to three quarters of the average cost of attending a four-year public
college. To return to that level of support, and to make college affordable for thousands
more students by expanding eligibility for Pell Grants, would cost $35 billion
annually.

12 This aid could be dispensed quickly through existing mechanisms and
would help to reduce downward pressure on labor markets by bringing potential
students into school. The importance of a college education will only grow in the years
ahead.


Many middle-class and low-income families rely on federally-subsidized student
loans to help pay for college education, and more are expected to seek federal loans as
their investments and income suffer during the economic downturn. Despite passage
and extension of the Ensuring Continued Access to Student Loans Act, federal student
aid programs—which include Stafford, Perkins, and PLUS loans—currently face a
budget shortfall of approximately $5 billion.

13 We recommend fully funding federal student aid programs, while expanding direct lending to secure the student loan market. Not only will this investment provide needed support to students and schools, it will generate a positive return as the loans are repaid.

14 Research and Development. Public investment in research and development – both
military and non-military – now represents less than one-half the share of GDP that it
did at its height in the 1960s.

15 Increased productivity and national income growth is inherently linked to R&D investment that stimulates innovation and facilitates transmission of new technologies. For this country to compete and thrive in a global economy, staying on the cutting edge of research and development is vital.

This expansion should be continued even after the economy recovers, and will be paid for by
rising revenues. There is no better investment in our future.

The Association of American Universities is currently gathering figures from the
national research centers to estimate the level of funding these agencies could easily
absorb in one to two years. We conservatively estimate an increase of $5 billion in the
first year and $10 billion in the second.


Health Care. In addition to meeting a very real need, this crisis provides an
opportunity to increase access to and lower the cost of health care. Providing federal
support to expand the State Children’s Health Insurance Program and increasing access
to Medicaid would help reduce state-budget shortfalls and strengthen the health-care
safety net at a time when more families will be forced to rely on it. There is also
potential to use stimulus investments to promote systemic changes that will spur
economic growth in the short-term and improve quality and cost-effectiveness of care in
the long-term. For instance, providing incentives for hospitals and physicians to adopt
electronic medical record systems could yield more than $80 billion in annual savings.

16 We recommend investing a total of approximately $15 billion in targeted health care
projects in the first year and $55 billion in the second, as a down-payment on
comprehensive health care reform.


Aid to Those in Need. Economic downturns hit the weakest and poorest families
hardest. The poorest families have the fewest resources on which to draw in the event
of a job loss or drop in income. Assistance given to them will be spent immediately on
food and medicine, and on rent and car loans.

17 Providing aid to those most in need is not only the morally right thing to do, it makes the most economic sense. Estimates by Moody’s Economy.com indicate that each dollar in tax cuts that include low-income households increases real GDP by $1.29, whereas tax reductions for capital gains and dividends yield less than 40 cents of real GDP growth on the dollar.

18 Providing jobless workers with assistance affording COBRA health insurance
premiums would help families avoid drawing down their savings to remain healthy.
Based on Congressional Budget Office modeling, offering a 75 percent subsidy to all
eligible workers is estimated to cost $11.75 billion over two years.

19 Modernizing the unemployment insurance system to meet the needs of the
contemporary workforce would cost approximately $7.5 billion.

20 Funds for this investment will be provided by an extension of the Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA) surtax. A temporary 20 percent increase in the food stamp benefit would cost approximately $15 billion and would enable millions of low-income families to cope with rapid increases in food costs.

21 The Center for American Progress’ Task Force on Poverty estimates that the number of Americans living in poverty could be reduced by more than a quarter through an annual investment of $38 billion to increase the Earned Income and Child Tax Credits, raise the minimum wage, and expand access to child care.

22 Pre-K Now recommends the federal government invest about $1 billion a year in
incentive grants to states to extend their pre-kindergarten programs. The Center on
Budget and Policy Priorities believes states could spend an additional $1 billion in the first year and $1.5 billion in the 2nd year, in child care and an equivalent amount in Head Start for a total of $5 billion over 2 years for these two programs. In all, $80 billion would be devoted to the purpose of reducing poverty.


Tax Cuts. A total of $450 billion of spending in the first year is the minimum
necessary to provide a real stimulus. Public investment provides the most stimulus
effect, but a decade of starvation has left many public entities without the capacity to absorb all of the needed spending in the first year. Moreover, although the tax cut earlier this year did not adequately translate into consumer buying, the rapidly deteriorating job market since then suggests that millions of low- and middle-income Americans are struggling to meet their daily obligations, and therefore are more likely to spend the proceeds of any tax relief they get.


The Economists’ Policy Group on Women’s Issues calls for the expansion of
public support for paid home-care workers; tax credits for family members providing
for their own disabled, elderly, and infirm; and a significant increase in the child credit, making it fully refundable, to provide tax relief to those who need it most. We therefore propose $145 billion of tax relief in a refundable rebate targeted to low- and middleincome taxpayers in the first year, replaced by increased public investment in the second.

Conclusion


Properly designed, the recovery program can not only help the economy get
back on its feet, but also provide a down payment for a more productive and just
society. The deficits involved in the first two years – along with those incurred by the financial bailout – will be significant, but they will be far less costly than allowing this recession to descend into a depression—a direction in which we could very well be headed.


Total Proposed Stimulus Spending for Two Years
(in billions of dollars)
Year
One
Year
Two
Green Investment23 $50 $50
Infrastructure24 $75 $150
Aid to States25 $50 $75
Education26 $40 $40
Research and Development27 $5 $10
Health Care28 $15 $55
Unemployment Insurance
and COBRA Subsidy29 $15 $15
Food Stamps30 $15 $15
Poverty Reduction31 $40 $40
Middle-Class Tax Cut32 $145 -
Total Over Two Years $900 billion



The undersigned have endorsed the Main Street Recovery Program:


Robert Borosage, Co‐Director, Institute for Americaʹs Future


Leo Gerard, International President, United Steelworkers (USW)


Dean Baker, Economist, Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR)


Anna Burger, Chair, Change to Win


Jane DʹArista, Financial Markets Center


Jeff Faux, Economist & Founder, Economic Policy Institute (EPI)


James Galbraith, Economist


Heidi Hartmann, President, Institute for Women’s Policy Research


Robert Johnson, Economist


Robert Kuttner, Co‐Editor, The American Prospect, Senior Fellow, Demos


Julie A. Matthaei, Professor of Economics, Wellesley College


Gerald W. McEntee, International President, American Federation of State, County and
Municipal Employees (AFSCME)


Lawrence Mishel, President, Economic Policy Institute (EPI)


Susan Ozawa, Economic Studies Fellow, Institute for Americaʹs Future


Robert Pollin, Department of Economics and Political Economy Research Institute
(PERI), University of Massachusetts, Amherst


Carl Pope, Executive Director, Sierra Club


Andrew Stern, President, Service Employees International Union (SEIU)


John J. Sweeney, President, AFL‐CIO


Dennis Van Roekel, President, National Education Association (NEA)


Mike Wessell, Senior Advisor, Alliance for American Manufacturing


Clayola Brown, National President, A. Philip Randolph Institute


Randi Weingarten, President, American Federation of Teachers (AFT)


Maria Somma, National President, Asian Pacific American Labor Alliance (APLA)


Frank Hurt, International President, Bakery, Confectionery, Tobacco Workers, and
Grain Millers International Union (BCTGM)


Christopher Chafe, Executive Director, Change to Win


William Lucy, President, Coalition of Black Trade Unionists


Marsha Zakowski, National President, Coalition of Labor Union Women (CLUW)


Larry Cohen, President, Communications Workers of America (CWA)


Matthew D. Loeb, International President, International Alliance of Theatrical Stage
Employees (IATSE)


Gregory Junemann, President, International Federation of Professional & Technical
Engineers (IFPTE)


Milton Rosado, National President, Labor Council for Latin American Advancement
(LCLAA)


Gabriella D. Lemus, Executive Director, Labor Council for Latin American
Advancement (LCLAA)


Terence M. O’Sullivan, General President, Laborers’ International Union of North
America (LIUNA)


Michael Sacco, President, Seafarers International Union (SIU)


Michael Sullivan, General President, Sheet Metal Workers International
Association (SMW)


James C. Little, International President, Transport Worker Union of America (TWU)


Robert A. Scardelletti, International President, Transportation Communications
International Union (TCU)


Bruce Raynor, General President, UNITE HERE


Ron Gettelfinger, President, United Auto Workers (UAW)


Steve Kest, Executive Director, ACORN


Rebecca Haag, Executive Director, AIDS Action


Nan Aron, President, Alliance for Justice


Mary Beth Maxwell, Executive Director, American Rights at Work


Amy Isaacs, National Director, Americans for Democratic Action


Jim Campen, Executive Director, Americans for Fairness in Lending


Linda Brown, Executive Director, Arizona Advocacy Network


Bill Moyer, Executive Director, Backbone Campaign


Kevin B. Zeese, Executive Director, Campaign for Fresh Air & Clean Politics


Karen Dolan, Director, Cities for Progress


Lynda Delaforgue, Executive Director, Citizen Action of Illinois


Karen Scharff, Executive Director, Citizen Action of New York


Deborah Weinstein, Executive Director, Coalition on Human Needs


Don Mathis, President & CEO, Community Action Partnership


Tom Swan, Executive Director, CT Citizen Action Group


Miles Rapoport, President, Demos


Heidi Shierholz, Economist, Economic Policy Institute


Bill Newton, Executive Director, Florida Consumer Action Network


Larry Pellegrini, Executive Director, Georgia Rural Urban Summit


John Cavanaugh, Director, Institute for Policy Studies


Betty Ahrens, Executive Director, Iowa Citizen Action Network


Sarita Gupta, Executive Director, Jobs with Justice


Ben Manski, Executive Director, Liberty Tree Foundation for the Democratic
Revolution


Linda Teeter, Executive Director, Michigan Citizen Action


Jackie Kendall, Executive Director, Midwest Academy


Christine L. Owens, Executive Director, National Employment Law Project


Rea Carey, Executive Director, National Gay & Lesbian Task Force Foundation


Ali Noorani, Executive Director, National Immigration Forum


Kim A. Gandy, President, National Organization for Women (NOW)


George Goehl, Executive Director, National Peopleʹs Action


Jo Cromerford, Executive Director, National Priorities Project


Don Morrison, Executive Director, NDPeople.org


Phyllis Salowe‐Kaye, Executive Director, New Jersey Citizen Action

Sarah L. Johnson, Organizer, NH Citizens Alliance


Sarah Chaisson Warner, Civic Engagement Director, NH Citizens Alliance


Karen Malcolm, Executive Director, Ocean State Action


Gary D. Bass, PhD, Executive Director, OMB Watch


Andrew Gillum, Director, People For Foundation’s Young Elected Officials Network


Rev. Rolen Womack, Chair, People For Foundation’s African American Ministers
Leadership Council


Kathryn Kolbert, President, People for the American Way Foundation (PFAW)


Brad Martin, Political Director, Progressive Future


Sean Dobson, Executive Director, Progressive Maryland


Brian Rothenberg, Executive Director, ProgressOhio


Nate Lowentheil, Executive Director, Roosevelt Institution


Tom Peters, Executive Director, Tennessee Action Network


Steve Gutow, President & CEO, The Jewish Council for Public Affairs


Charlie Clements, President & CEO, Unitarian Universalist Service Committee (UUSC)


Lee Farris, Federal Tax Policy Coordinator, United for a Fair Economy


Carmen Berkley, President, United States Student Association


Jeff Blum, Executive Director, USAction


Will Pittz, Executive Director, Washington Community Action Network


Page Gardner, President, Women’s Voices. Women Vote Action Fund


Paula Brantner, Executive Director, Workplace Fairness


Gary Zuckett, Executive Director, WV Citizen Action Group


Tanweer Akram, Ph.D.


Randy Albelda, Professor of Economics and Senior Fellow, The Center for Social Policy


at University of Massachusetts ‐ Boston


Marcus Alexis, Professor Emeritus, Northwestern University


Sylvia A. Allegretto, Ph.D., Economist, Institute for Research on Labor & Employment,
University of California, Berkeley


Gar Alperovitz, University of Maryland

Marcellus Andrews, Barnard College, Columbia University


Patricia A. Atkinson, Professor of Economics, Portland State University


M. V. Lee Badgett, Director, Center for Public Policy & Administration, University of
Massachusetts


Ron Baiman, DePaul University


Nina Banks, Bucknell University


Dr. Michael H. Belzer, Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Wayne State
University


Gunseli Berik, University of Utah


Carole Biewener, Professor of Economics and of Womenʹs and Gender Studies,
Simmons College


Cihan Bilginsoy, University of Utah


Colin S. Cavell, Ph.D., University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus


Oliver Cooke, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Economics, Richard Stockton College of
New Jersey


David R. Cormier, Ph.D., Institute for Labor Studies and Research Extension Service,
West Virginia University


Brendan Cushing‐Daniels, Assistant Professor of Economics, Gettysburg College


James M. Cypher, Professor of Economics, California State University, Fresno


Anita Dancs, Assistant Professor of Economics, Western New England College


William Darity, Jr., Duke University


Gregory DeFreitas, Professor of Economics, Hofstra University


Ranjit S. Dighe, Associate Professor of Economics, SUNY College at Oswego


Robert Drago, Professor of Labor Studies and Women’s Studies, Penn State University


Niev Duffy, Ph.D., President, Eastern Economic Research


Gerald Epstein, Professor of Economics and Co‐Director, Political Economy Research


Institute (PERI), University of Massachusetts, Amherst


Susan F. Feiner, Professor of Economics, University of Southern Maine


Deborah M. Figart, Ph.D., Dean, School of Graduate and Continuing Studies and
Professor of Economics, The Richard Stockton College of NJ


Gerald Friedman, Professor of Economics, University of Massachusetts at Amherst


William Ganley, Ph.D., Professor of Economics & Finance, Buffalo State College
(SUNY)


Angel Garcia Banchs, Professor, New School University/Universidad Central de
Venezuela


Carole A. Green, University of South Florida


Karl D. Gregory, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus of Economics, Oakland University


Robert Guttmann, Professor and Chair of Economics, Hofstra University


Martin Hart‐Landsberg, Professor of Economics, Lewis and Clark College


Susan Helper, Professor of Economics, Case Western Reserve University


Conrad M. Herold, Associate Professor of Economics, Hofstra University


Adam S. Hersh, Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Economics, University of
Massachusetts, Amherst


Barbara E. Hopkins, Ph.D., Professor of Economics, Wright State University


Michael D. Intriligator, Ph.D., Professor of Economics, Political Science, and Public
Policy, University of California, Los Angeles


Sanford M. Jacoby, Professor of Economics, UCLA


Mark A. Johnson, Associate Professor of Economics, Chicago State University


A.J. Julius, Assistant Professor, UCLA


Andrew I. Kohen, Professor of Economics, James Madison University


Benjamin Kohl, Associate Professor and Undergraduate Chair, Temple University


Douglas Koritz, Ph.D., Department of Economics & Finance and Assistant Dean for
Intellectual Foundations, Buffalo State College


Rachel Kreier, Assistant Professor of Economics, Hofstra University


Peter Karl Kresl, Professor of Economics – Emeritus, Bucknell University


Supriya Lahiri, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Economics, University of
Massachusetts, Lowell


Margaret Levenstein, University of Michigan


Chuck Levenstein, Professor Emeritus of Work Environment, University of
Massachusetts Lowell

Victor D. Lippit, Professor of Economics, University of California, Riverside


Robert G. Lynch, Professor of Economics, Washington College


Catherine Lynde, Professor, University of Massachusetts, Boston


Arthur MacEwan, Professor Emeritus of Economics, University of Massachusetts,
Boston


Mark H. Maier, Glendale Community College


John Mannah, Ph.D., Candidate, New School for Social Research


Patrick L. Mason, Department of Economics and Political Economy Research Institute
(PERI), Florida State University


Thomas Masterson, Research Scholar, Levy Economics Institute of Bard College


Thomas F. Mayer, Professor of Sociology, University of Colorado at Boulder


Elaine McCrate, Professor of Economics & Womenʹs Studies, University of Vermont


Patrick A. McGuire, Professor of Economics, Hobart & William Smith Colleges


Hannah McKinney, Professor of Economics and Business, Kalamazoo College


Martin Melkonian, Department of Economics, Hofstra University


William Milberg, Associate Professor Dept. of Economics, New School for Social
Research


Tracy Mott, Associate Professor of Economics, University of Denver


Jamee K. Moudud, Ph.D., Economics Faculty and Chair, Social Science Group, Sarah
Lawrence College


Eric Nilsson, Professor, Economics Department, California State University, San
Bernardino


Laurie Nisonoff, Professor of Economics School of Social Science, Hampshire College


Aaron Pacitti, American University


Dimitri B. Papadimitriou, The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College


M. Stephen Pendleton, Associate Professor of Economics, Buffalo State College (SUNY)


Michael Perelman, California State University


Joseph Persky, Department of Economics, University of Illinois at Chicago


Karl Petrick, Assistant Professor of Economics, Western New England College


Mark A. Price, Ph.D., Labor Economist, Keystone Research Center


Paddy Quick, St. Francis College, Brooklyn


Miguel D. Ramirez, Professor of Economics, Trinity College


Cordelia Reimers, Professor Emeritus of Economics, Hunter College & The Graduate
Center, CUNY


Joseph Ricciardi, Professor of Economics, Babson College


Malcom Robinson, Ph.D., Professor of Economics, Thomas More College


Charlie Rock, Professor of Economics, Rollins College


James M. Rock, Professor Emeritus, University of Utah


Sergio Romero, Ph.D., Boise State University


Michael Rosen, Milwaukee Area Technical College


Hector Saez, Ph.D., Economist, Center for Sustaining Agriculture & Natural Resources,
Northwest Research and Extension Center


Helen Scharber, University of Massachusetts, Amherst


Dr. Ted P. Schmidt, Chair & Associate Professor, Department of Economics & Finance,
Buffalo State College


Juliet B. Schor, Boston College


Sanford F. Schram, Graduate School of Social Work and Social Research, Bryn Mawr
College


Joel Scott


Stephanie Seguino, Associate Dean, Professor of Economics, College of Arts and
Sciences, University of Vermont


Barry Shelley, Economist, University of Massachusetts, Amherst


Vince Snowberger, Economist (retired)


Mary Huff Stevenson, Professor of Economics, University of Massachusetts, Boston


James B. Stewart, Professor of Labor Studies and Employment Relations and
Management and Organization, Penn State University


Jeffrey Stewart, Doctor, University of Cincinnati


David Terkla, Professor, University of Massachusetts, Boston


Frank Thompson, Lecturer in Economics, University of Michigan


Chris Tilly, Director, Institute for Research Labor and Employment and Professor of
Urban Planning (IRLE)


John E. Tower, Professor Emeritus, School of Business Administration, Oakland
University


Leanne Ussher, Assistant Professor of Economics, Queens College, CUNY


Marjolein van der Veen, Economics Instructor, Bellevue Community College


Matias Vernengo, Professor of Economics, University of Utah


Paula B. Voos, Rutgers University


Norman J. Waitzman, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Economics, University of Utah


David F. Weiman, Alena Wels Hirschorn ʹ58 Professor of Economics, Barnard College,
Columbia University


Thomas Weisskopf, Professor of Economics, University of Michigan


Christian Weller, Professor of Public Policy, University of Massachusetts Boston


Linda Wilcox Young, Southern Oregon University


Max Fraad Wolff, Graduate Program in International Affairs, New School University


Martin H. Wolfson, University of Notre Dame


June M. Zaccone, Professor of Economics, Hofstra University


Ajit Zacharias, The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College


John J. Zink, Franklin and Marshall College


Ben Zipperer, University of Massachusetts, Amherst